The enthusiasm of this publication, which was established in line with the specialised information of the manufacturing industry, especially the lubricant industry, prompted us to create a success policy with the high-ranking efforts of the manufacturers in this industry, which has been attacked from all sides, but with love. have sought themselves in the improvement of the national production process, a step, although short but powerful and specialised, by expressing unsaid and perhaps unheard, but completely practical and strategic facts, to the damaged body of the lubricant industry and production Let’s do that too.

Certainly, every manufacturing industry, even with dimensions smaller than the factory, has great knowledge and techniques that are hidden from the general and superficial view, and of course, sometimes it doesn’t seem necessary to investigate it.

The industry of lubricants is one of the most critical cases with high and varied expertise, which is a prerequisite for any movement in production, the friction reduction factor with the right lubricant, the challenge of experienced designers and specialists.

Since the Stone Age, humans have used animal fat and grains as lubricants with their experimental measures, and this issue has been explored and agreed upon by archaeologists centuries before the invention of wheels and gears.

Perhaps, if we consider the invention of the wheel as a symbol of human masterpiece in movement and industry, we have not made a wrong hypothesis, while the science of lubrication was experienced by humans centuries before that.

By imagining the very wide dimensions and astonishing complexities of tools and machines in various industries as well as their increasing capabilities, and comparing with the experimental thinking of the Stone Age, which was combined with lubrication from animal and natural fats, it can be seen that the knowledge of the industry Lubricants also has the merit to update itself with its enormous and surprising progress along with the speed and power of the genius of the designers and scientists of the present age.

By formulating new standards, reference organisation’s and institutions in all corners of the world have taken effective steps in monitoring this process, and while taking a look at the comparative position in the production and market of our beloved country, a disturbing vacuum is noticeable. This newspaper will try its best to provide a pollution-free atmosphere within the framework of ethics and morals of production, distribution and trade by taking advantage of the experiences of producers and expert experts of this industry and even the experience and ingenuity of the subsequent chains of production to the consumer. He has given his zakat from his religion in this way, and therefore extended a helping hand to all educated colleagues, veterans, experts and elites, and it is hoped that this suitable platform for information will experience significant and undeniable benefits.

Write by : chemical eng.  Alireza Amar Mohammadi – Post DBA

The post Mission of Bitoil first appeared on BITOIL - International.

In analytical and management books, the assets of a factory or an economic enterprise have been divided into 4M:

Financial Money Machine. Materials Material. Human resources Man

Personnel are placed in the position of resources, on par with other valued capitals, whose key role in the acquired successes of each group is undeniable.

The multi-dimensionality of the human body and the complexity of its personality in the system of nature has made him the owner of will and decision, and he has been called the most noble of creations, and in the heavenly books, as well as the ancient culture and civilizations, equality and equality have been propagated for man. The most proud example of this in Iran is the Earth with the Charter of Human Rights of Cyrus, a general and specific symbol, and this symbol indicates that the ancient Iranians were the pioneers in compiling and spreading human standards. One of the golden eras of Iranian history in terms of technology and industry is the same. It is the history paper that was caused by the humanistic way of thinking in the management character.

One of the problems of the developing countries and especially their active industries and enterprises is the challenge of the workforce, for example, the protest of the people working in the factories is caused by the fatigue and mental dissatisfaction of the workers on the one hand and the regret and thirst of the job seekers who It is also heard from the other side that they are waiting for permission to enter these factories.

Where does all this contradiction come from? The answer is readily available. Financial needs and economic conditions cause the demand for work, and the lack of obligation to preserve human privacy and the losses caused by managerial imprudence in the work environment also cause discouragement from continuing cooperation or a drastic reduction in the efficiency of workers in the work environment.

From the point of view of his economic benefit, the employer complains about the lack of necessary cooperation and empathy of the workers, and the workers are often not satisfied with what they receive as their wages, and they do not see themselves on the same level as the economic moderation line, and when other dimensions are needed in the abyss of their psyche and personality. He is also injured, the consequences of which are reflected in the qualitative and quantitative output of the defined tasks.

The non-compliance of these two demands will prevent the necessary empathy in advancing the goals of an economic unit, and the energetic energy that should be spent in the way of creativity and production is often engaged in conflict and chaos with the margins.

Now, if we take a deep and multifaceted look at the above-mentioned issue, we will find that the truth is wandering on every side of the claim.

Indeed, why do the best of creations waste the pleasure of their lives in this way, in solving the sharing of interests, remaining without results and dissatisfied and wandering? Is it so difficult to reach the point of balance and satisfaction of both parties?

How have countries like Japan been able to manage these challenges? Have Google, Yahoo and Apple, who have created complete freedom and extraordinary facilities for employees, suffered financial damage and a drop in the stock market index? In the industries of Bangladesh, which are often managed with the least attention to the human rights of workers, is there a significant progress in comparison?

Certainly, all the questions can be searched in the management method, policy and design style of the topic, and perhaps taking the example of the management method of successful companies can be the first step in localizing new techniques.

Preservation of human dignity and dignity is a clear indicator of ethical frameworks, which compliance and more considerations to the multi-dimensional needs of human beings can guide more successful policy making in the work environment.

This key word, as a weight of balance from the point of view of both the employer and the worker, formulates the justice-oriented path, for example, the worker, taking into account the working conscience during the duty hours, observes all the prescribed quantitative and qualitative matters and the employer’s rights In his absence, he should be respected, and also the employer, with a more realistic understanding of all economic factors and social conditions and the worker’s vulnerability, should not force him to deviate from the ethical performance of his duties.

 The clarity of the direct impact of the ability of management, in smoothing the disputed positions and removing obstacles until reaching sincere empathy, will be very evident.

Establishing a friendly relationship with mutual and mutual understanding between the employer and the worker can solve many unforeseen issues in a completely informal and logical manner, and the design of this type of relationship within the limits of caution and maintaining the necessary dignity is a manager’s ability. He is considered experienced. It is obvious that sufficient facilities and necessary tools in this solution will facilitate the progress process.

Punishing and humiliating the workforce as outdated methods that are often seen by less experienced and weaker managers will plant the seeds of despair and anxiety in the psyche of the worker, which will definitely reduce individual efficiency. Of course, this point of view does not negate the implementation of the agreed duties, and compliance with the law is one of the necessary principles for the cohesion of a friendly atmosphere.

For example, the management atmosphere in a coal mine located in the impassable mountains, with the maximum possible risks during work, an unrealistic and excessive expectation can be seen, but even in the narrow and dark corridors of a mine, a respectful and motivational sentence. It can pour tears of joy and encouragement into the tired body of the worker like an elixir and satisfy his psychological and personality dimensions.

According to Bill Gates, to be a good manager, you must love your employees.

chemical eng. : Alireza Amar Mohammadi – Post DBA

The post Human dignity in work relationships first appeared on BITOIL - International.

Water is an effective element in all known chemical processes and controlling its positive and negative effects in reactors, equipment and various chemical processes in all industries is very important. Various techniques are designed and implemented in every industry for this issue. In the science of lubrication, the element of water is considered as a destructive substance that drastically reduces the life of machines and parts involved, and for this reason, monitoring water and humidity pollution is very important in lubrication engineering.

Choosing the right method to control water pollution, taking into account the environmental conditions and the various limitations of the consumption site and reactors, generally follows the following three plans:

– Laboratory analysis

– Monitoring with the help of small portable devices

– Installation of online sensors and periodic inspection in the field of operation

Laboratory oil analysis

Although laboratory oil analysis is still the most common method to control water pollution, it is not necessarily the most effective method in terms of early failure detection, because the sample submitted to the laboratory may have been taken when the process of damage to the device has been done. Therefore, the result of the laboratory performance report only shows the amount of damage and cannot necessarily prevent the system from suffering from this complication. Therefore, sending random samples from the system or controlling the quality of the lubricants entering it can be encouraging to some extent, and in this case, we consider the desired conditions and sufficient speed in the laboratory’s response.

One of the most reliable and demanding laboratory methods and devices in controlling system pollution from water is the Karl Fischer technique or FTIR infrared spectroscopy, which is being used with ASTM D6304 test method.

The level of accuracy in presenting the results with the PPM unit (counting one particle per million particles) is desired by the experts.

The FTIR device is often used in the lubricants industry as a well-known source, and the high cost of this device leads quality control experts to other methods that are less expensive. Two of the most important ones are ASTM D7414 and ASTM E2412 method tests.

Distillation is another process that can be used. In the distillation process, by heating the oil sample, which is already mixed with a solvent, it is extracted from the oil or petroleum product. The water evaporates and collects in a chamber. The lowest amount of water that can be measured in this method is approximately 0.05-0.1%. In this method, the ASTM D95 test method must be followed, which does not require complex equipment, but is very useful.

Monitoring with the help of small portable devices

This method is similar to the control of equipped laboratories, which is performed with the help of portable equipment with fewer parameters and sometimes with lower accuracy.

For such tests, usually only one drop of oil is needed and results can be reported within minutes of detecting moisture. The main motivation in using this method is to reduce the cost and also the speed of its operation.

The calcium hydride kit is a common field test device. In this test, a reagent and a solvent (kerosene or toluene) are used.

First of all, they measure emulsion and free water. Although low concentrations of water can be detected, the technique appears to be reliable for concentrations higher than 150-200 ppm.

The cracking test is another example of a validated field test. They use two drops of oil on a hot surface to assess the presence of emulsified and free water. The minimum concentrations that can be detected are approximately 500-1000 ppm. With this test, it’s important to pay attention to any small bubbles or cracking sounds.

Field inspections for water contamination are mostly visual. Through the transparent and visible container, the amount of sediment and water in the sample can be detected. It should be kept in mind that only emulsion and free water can be seen, so if the test result is positive, it means that its concentration is very high. The design of the schedule and engineered contracts in sampling and testing is mentioned as a major part of the prerequisites of this method.

Online sensors

Some sensors can measure water saturation as well as total moisture content. Online sensors can be installed in lines or arteries of fluid passage or tanks. They monitor the water concentration directly by a detector or through an indirect parameter such as the dielectric constant of the oil. This strategy may offer the best option in terms of early contamination detection. Online or unattended sensors may also replace some daily laboratory analyses. For these reasons, the trend of the industry towards the use of this type of monitoring strategy has always been seen.

The purpose of an online sensor is to emit electrical signals that respond to changes in the physical or chemical properties of the monitored liquid. Most sensors contain small electrodes that are immersed in a liquid.

These electrodes generate an electrical voltage and detect the oil response in terms of capacitance, resistance, dielectric constant or current.

Measurements are related to known changes in oil properties such as water contamination, oxidation, cross contamination with other fluids and particulate residues. Some sensors have several measurement components that enable the monitoring of several parameters, which are introduced below some examples of these types of available sensors:

Moisture saturation sensors

In this type of sensors, the dew point and the saturation percentage of water dissolved in the oil are displayed. A water permeated polymer is placed between two flat electrodes to form a capacitor. Water penetrates the polymer to change the capacitor, and this causes the measurement of the water concentration in the oil, which is used in this technique of the ASTM D7546 test method.

There are also online sensors that measure total water content as a percentage or in ppm. They are able to evaluate dissolved water, emulsified and free water in oil. These sensors provide information similar to known laboratory results for water content. However, the resolution of sensors that monitor total water content may not be as good or accurate as those used to monitor water saturation.

Fixed dielectric sensors

This type of sensor measures the properties of the oil, which changes with oxidation, contamination or particles from surface wear. This property is recorded with the name constant or relative dielectric resistance related to the oil’s ability to store an electric field that can detect changes in the condition of the oil due to degradation or contamination. They must be calibrated for the specific fluid conditions in which they will operate.

Multifunctional sensors

In this technique, they use the dielectric constant, saturation percentage, temperature changes, and the conductivity value of the solution, which makes them provide more comprehensive information about the tested fluid, and they can easily send the results wirelessly to a printer or mobile phone.

While the use of online sensors promises early detection of abnormal conditions and reduction in lubrication efficiency, some challenges should be important for users. The correct selection of the right sensor, with the accurate calculation of the desired parameters and the ranges of measuring coefficients and particles, is the first step in using this method.

Laboratory support may also be needed to relate the electrical signal of the sensor to specific oil parameters, and of course, it should be remembered that not all sensors have the same resolution and accuracy, so they should be selected and used with different features, programs, and capabilities.

What should be considered in the end is how to design the control process, as well as the techniques for measuring water pollution in the system, which can reduce the excessive costs of supplying and maintaining equipment, as well as the quality rating of different manufacturers and, of course, the cost calculation. The final product should be evaluated more accurately, including the number of working hours of their products.

Eng. Alireza Amar Mohammadi

senior expert and product engineer

The post Humidity factor control in lubricant first appeared on BITOIL - International.

Human being, in the highest position of creations, with his perfectionism, has always tried to capture a greater share in every category of the universe for his own benefit, so that perhaps if he did not find such an indicator in his nature, so far, many scientific and technical advances It was not available.
In order to achieve his goals, he did not give up on any effort, but in recent centuries, he has been hanging on to a thorn that has been his own seed.

Environmental problem:

Small and large natural factors, in changing and even destroying the favorable conditions of human beings, have been such that during the process of several million years of research by humans, not only did not weaken it, but in the emergence of a solution to deal with it, it became more firm and successful, and it can be said Shit has been a condition of its evolution.
But from this point of view, further examination of the unfavorable environmental factors will lead us to the main cause of it, which is the human being.
Various industries are growing in such an unbridled way that the main issue of the minimum condition for human survival, which is the elements of life and its environment, is ignored. For the purpose of the issue, expert opinion has not been given in all factors, because in terms of it, the high need for technical information and even access to the hidden corners of the macro-management can be seen, but in the framework of the automobile industry and the lubricants used in it, considering the little study experience, it is bold. It was found to pay more attention to several points:
The exciting development of the motor and car industry, with its very luxurious and tempting designs, has confused the consumer to the extent that sometimes he has consciously accepted the possible harm of that pleasure. Naturally, removing the problem does not solve the problem, but the same industrialized countries that are well-known and leading in this industry every day have thought about reducing these harms, for example, the pollutants left from fuel, that by updating their technology step by step, They have tried to reduce the process of destroying their environment.

If we look at the issue from the point of view of the countries that consume these attractive products, we find that apart from the competition in buying these lovely gems, sometimes even the minimum items listed in their consumption guide are not paid attention to and we are immersed in the busy streets of big cities. And with an indifferent look at the two-phase black-blue sky, we press the gas pedal.
At first glance, the above cases may be considered unfair and selfish judgment, but paying attention to the following content will change this belief to some extent.

Industrialized countries such as Germany, France and .. by updating the technology in the service of preserving and controlling their environment, as well as making the crimes and punishments for damage to it more difficult, they go to the point where they even ground the giant Volkswagen company (referring to the heavy crimes determined for Volkswagen) Wagon regarding the exhaust control computer.
For example, diesel cars are designed with the emission control system, and they need a catalyst called Adblue to protect the environment more by combining the fuel at the same time, by reducing the consumption and of course by controlling the suspended particles left over from diesel. Meanwhile, in another place, by sterilizing these interesting and useful systems due to the reduction of the cost of buying standard catalyst, they easily put their heads and other citizens in a hat.

AdBlue Catalyst is a small example of our problem as a big consumer. Our automotive industry still has a long way to go to reach this point. Of course, they are definitely diligent and have good horizons ahead of them during this important journey.
Controlling the production and distribution and proper use of engine oil is an older factor that has not yet been satisfactorily and competently organized.
Modern and leading countries in automobile manufacturing consider the quality levels of API SL or lower to be obsolete, and the use of engine oils with outdated levels has been seen as a crime and a fine. However, in some countries, one of the world’s oil poles, the motor oil industry has been consumerist to such an extent that it has not only created a prosperous market for cheap oils, sometimes of lower quality than the world’s standards, but there may be producers who With famous brand names, they benefit from low quality lubricants in production and distribution in the little-known market of Iran.
Improper use of engine oil with inappropriate quality does not only harm the buyer and owner of the car. This is the big headline that is written in the environmental nightmare, but it is rarely read.
Managers and intellectuals of the world have taken a very important step by calling old cars worn out and scrapping them, which deserves praise.
Now it is expected that with a firm determination and a deeper look, together with professional specialists, they will organize the motor oil consumption market, which plays a very important role in the environment in terms of the control of automobile emissions.

Effective steps are taken every day with various planning and planning in the traffic of cars in big cities such as Saturday and Sunday and …, technical inspection, etc., but has the more productive role of engine oil in this way been investigated and compared professionally? Has the result of the actions taken been convincing for our compassionate managers?
Properly controlling all the different chemical factors and formulations of nameless manufacturing companies seems difficult and maybe impossible, but it is suggested that by speeding up the obsolete standards of clean and successful countries in the environment, motor oil producers and sellers Guide the market towards a higher quality goal. Because the price category has been wrongly chosen as the most decisive factor, and by developing and accelerating the updating of the quality level of production standards, the risk of mistakes by confused consumers will also be lower.
In this way, one of the controllable factors can be used to reduce fuel and energy consumption and ultimately reduce environmental pollution.
It seems that the close cooperation of industries, production engineers, managers and owners, micro and macro planners, along with the relevant trade unions, in regulating this market and creating a culture of consumption, are seen as links in the chain that pull this heavy load, which is the element of honesty. , connects them and the absence of each makes it impossible to succeed in the goal.
Write by Eng.Alireza Amar Mohammadi – Post DBA – Chemical eng.

The post Real look to Eco Policy first appeared on BITOIL - International.

During the CM process, gear condition monitoring has always been a serious challenge due to the lack of immediate access to the gearbox. In this article, we are trying to make this step easier by monitoring the condition of the gears through the analysis of the technical factors of the oil and its analysis.

Laboratory analysis:
Various test methods are used to control the condition of the gears in the gearbox. Analysis of gear lubricant based on the following factors is the most common among them. Comparison of the results of the used fluid inside the gearbox should be compared and analyzed with its unused type to make sure that the raw material was within the limits specified by the manufacturer, for example, the percentage of metal particles inside It can indicate the corrosion and wear of the gears, but before that, the metal particles of the new oil additives should be factored and the excess particles should be analyzed, because the gear oils also use metal elements, which are detailed in the manufacturer’s manual of the additives in accordance with Doers. Consumption has been determined:
1 – Viscosity: (Kinematic Viscosity at 40 degree C.in cSt)
Viscosity is the main property of gear oil. If the viscosity changes significantly, it means that it has lost its necessary ability.
Oxidation of oil leads to darkening of appearance and increase in viscosity. Of course, there are many other reasons for changes in viscosity. Viscosity factor control can be done by ISO 3104 / ASTMD445 D445 test method.
Changes in this number of more than 10%, compared to the initial state, can indicate that it is time to replace it.
2- Water content:
Water content in PPM or %age)
One of the important factors in the destruction of the structure of the lubricant is water and moisture because it reacts with iron and copper particles and causes the oxidation process.
These elements are primarily present in additive compounds and have a central role, and if water enters the environment, by oxidizing them and producing deposits inside the gearbox, it will reduce the life of the lubricant and increase the viscosity, which prevents the formation and maintenance of the thickness of the protective film in the The surface becomes worn and chemical and abrasion corrosion will actually start, and it will really be the bane of the life of the gearbox.
Moisture content is checked by ASTM D6304 test method. Therefore, in the CM process, it is recommended that if the water is more than 0.05 (ppm 500), the gearbox lubricant should be replaced.
3- Acid number:
(Acid number mg KOH/g
Test, Total Acid Number – Total Acid Number – is one of the methods of estimating the amount of degradation of additives, acid pollution and oxidation. In some cases, the TAN test does not directly measure the amount of oxidation, but only measures the by-product of oxidation. Also, it is useful to determine the degradation process of certain additives for the TAN process.
The measurement of acid concentration in petroleum products is determined according to the amount of potassium hydroxide (KOH) necessary to neutralize the acid in one gram of sample. This method is called titration and the standard unit of measurement is mg KOH/g.

The TAN test detects both weak organic acids and strong mineral acids in the environment. However, it does not indicate the absolute acid concentration of the oil sample. TAN tests can be performed by two titration methods: potentiometric and color indicator.
In the potentiometric method (ASTM D664 / ISO 6619) using a potentiometer, acidic structures are detected and considered for electronic reading.
In the color indicator method (ASTM D974 / ISO 6618) they use orange p-naphtholbenzene solution in acid and green-brown in base. When the acid-forming substances are neutralized by KOH, the sample changes from orange to green, indicating the end point.

The acid number should not be more than +0.5 higher than the new oil, and if this difference reaches the number one, the gear oil should be changed quickly.
The acid can be neutralized or removed from the oil in various ways. It is obvious that the alkalinity of the oil should be used to neutralize the incoming acid. This is done in gas, gasoline and diesel engine oil. In these oils, T BN booster base materials are used, that is, the new oil has a higher total alkalinity number – TBN, and with the operation of the engine oil and over time, it is depleted in the neutralization of the acidic environment.

4- The number of pollution particles:
(Particle count and size distribution.as per ISO 4406.No of particle per ml)
The particle count and size distribution of a good filter system are very important for lubricants. The type of design of the filtration surface can be different, but finally, only particles with a size of 12 microns or smaller should be allowed to pass. This size is determined even in turbine oils, up to 5 microns smaller. Monitoring the amount of pollutants in the lubricant is a vital matter. Is.
This type of Nas number test – the amount of particle pollution – and the reduction of the number of particles in the oil is also called Nas.

The ISO 4406 method for coding the pollution level of solid particles is a classification system that converts a given number of particles into an ISO code. Test methods frequently used for particle counting are: automatic particle counting according to ISO 11500 and manual counting. Particles according to ISO 4407. In the automatic particle counting method according to 0, the contamination level of the liquid sample is determined by automatic particle counting and using the light extinction principle. In this method, particle concentration is reported in three sizes: -4, -6, and -14 µm. In the standard manual particle counting method, particles deposited on the surface of a membrane filter are counted using an optical microscope. This particle counting is possible with two manual methods and image analysis, using lighting systems.

When using light turbine lubricants, especially for higher temperatures, filtration of less than 12 microns is recommended. Since the contamination of oil particles is one of the main causes of machine failure, it is vital to monitor the amount of hard pollutants.

5- Measurement of elements: (Contamination and wear elements in ppm)
An increase in metal elements in a lubricant can indicate abnormal wear of the system’s internal components. The analysis of oil elements and pollutants in a sample is done by the ASTM D5185 method by a device called ICP. Generally, ASTM D5185 method is used for elemental analysis.

A total of 22 elements can be analyzed with this method, which are: aluminum – barium – boron – calcium – chromium – copper – iron – lead – magnesium – manganese – nickel – phosphorus – potassium – silicon – silver – sulfur – tin – titanium – Zinc-vanadium.
Ba Al, B, Ca, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Mg, Mn, Mo, Ni, P, K, Na, Si, Ag, S, Sn, Ti, V, Zn
Analyzing these cases and monitoring the condition inside the gearboxes will significantly reduce maintenance costs, and simpler visual controls can also be added to the mentioned items, for example gear wears, which cause them to become loose due to the operation of the gearbox with Laughter will be heard.
Formulation of periodic CM monitoring methods is absolutely necessary and management of this technical mechanism is one of the challenges of most industries.
Dr.Alireza Amar Mohammadi
Chemical eng.

The post Checking the health status of the gearbox by checking the condition of Gear oil first appeared on BITOIL - International.

The post The cost of pollution and the price of technology first appeared on BITOIL - International.

Fire and wheel are two great inventions of mankind which considered great development, and these two side by side with dramatic changes in serving the consumer, have been taken to the service of the public by using the intelligence and inventiveness of the inventors in which they’ve been changed into the engine and vehicle these days.

The invention of the wheel in a circular shape has been one of the greatest and most important masterpieces of mankind, which has revolutionized dynamics, and reaching at higher speed and precision, attaches importance to the deterrent factors such as friction, corrosion and wear and tear .these factors have been removed by using animal fats as lubrication in the past.

The post Engine oil (fluid in the car’s arteries and motion guarantees) first appeared on BITOIL - International.